Yanwen’s blog

1/11/2025

On January 7, 2025, during a meeting with my Korean student, she shared some challenges she’s currently facing. Her experiences mirror what many of us encounter—coping with numerous changes and uncertainties in life. I followed up the next day with this message, which serves as a reminder to us all. Whenever I share a pep talk like this, I find myself equally encouraged.

“It seems like your life is currently filled with changes, choices, and uncertainties. In times like these, it’s natural to feel disoriented or even stressed. Finding a core value or an anchor to hold onto can make a significant difference. That’s where a New Year’s Resolution can help. Perhaps you can start asking yourself questions like: What matters most to me right now, and what will still matter in 10 or 20 years? Then, put those answers into your resolution as a constant reminder.”

Speaking of challenges, few have been as monumental as those facing China’s semiconductor industry. Since the imposition of US sanctions, China has struggled to develop advanced chipmaking technologies.

An article published in MIT Technology Review by Zeyi Yang on February 6, 2024, titled "Why China Is Betting Big on Chiplets," sheds light on how China is responding to these challenges. And there's another one on Qinghua's photonic "chiplet Taichi."

The Promise of Chiplets

Chiplets are modular components of a chip, each designed for a specific function, such as data processing or storage. These components can be connected to form a complete system. Unlike traditional monolithic chips, chiplets are cheaper to produce, easier to customize, and faster to upgrade. Crucially, they enable manufacturers to circumvent the need for cutting-edge chipmaking technologies by combining less-advanced chiplets to achieve similar performance.

The article highlights that China’s chiplet development is a collective effort involving venture capitalists, startups, academic researchers, and government initiatives. 

Academic Research: Organizations like the National Nature Science Foundation of China are funding chiplet research. 

Local Industry Hubs: Cities like Wuxi are positioning themselves as centers for chiplet production, earning the nickname "Chiplet Valley."

Startups: Companies such as Polar Bear Tech, Chiplego, and others are making strides in chiplet-based technologies, with products like the AI chip Qiming 930.

Challenges on the Path to Progress  

Despite its potential, chiplet technology faces significant hurdles:  

Compatibility and Standardization: For chiplets to work seamlessly together, universal technical standards are crucial. However, disagreements over standards—both globally and within China—threaten to slow progress.  

Technical Limitations: Issues like power consumption, heat management, and system reliability could undermine the performance of chiplet-based systems.

Performance Gap: While chiplets are promising, they are unlikely to match the capabilities of cutting-edge monolithic chips in the near future.

Reasons for Hope

The article maintains an optimistic tone about China’s semiconductor future. Three key strengths support this outlook:  

A Practical Workaround: Chiplets offer a viable way for China to sidestep US sanctions and leverage its existing capabilities to create competitive chips.

Strength in Packaging: China already controls 38% of the global chip packaging market, giving it a strategic advantage in integrating chiplets effectively.

Scalability and Cost Efficiency: The modular nature of chiplets aligns well with China’s ability to scale production and reduce costs.

Moreover, there is substantial financial backing from venture capitalists, government initiatives, and startups. Coordinated efforts at both national and local levels further bolster China’s ability to prioritize technological development.

Road Ahead  

Still, the road to technological self-reliance is fraught with uncertainties. Success will depend on sustained investment, strategic focus, and the ability to innovate independently in critical areas like advanced packaging and lithography. While chiplets are not a magic solution, they represent a meaningful step forward in China’s efforts to overcome its current challenges.

Ultimately, China’s steady progress and adaptability could position it as a stronger player in the semiconductor industry. While the journey will not be smooth-sailing, the collective willpower and resources being devoted to this endeavor suggest that the success is not far away.

1/10/2025

The Shigatse earthquake made headlines around the world, but there’s another side to this story that remains mostly untold.

The earthquake struck on January 7, 2025, with its epicenter in Tingri County, approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) north of Mount Everest, in the middle section of the Himalayas. Tingri County, part of Shigatse City in Tibet, is renowned for its proximity to the world's highest peak.

Located at an average altitude of 5,000 meters (16,400 feet), this region’s high-altitude Himalayan terrain is as breathtaking as it is unforgiving. The combination of rugged landscapes and extreme elevations poses significant challenges to rescue and relief operations following natural disasters like earthquakes.

Despite these obstacles, China launched a swift and highly coordinated rescue effort, which is a story worth telling. The following timeline highlights the speed and efficiency of China's response:

9:00 AM, January 7: The earthquake struck.

9:10 AM: Military aircraft were dispatched to the affected area.

9:30 AM: Rescue operations began, with teams working to demolish damaged buildings to search for survivors.

Same day: 200 soldiers collectively donated 90,000 milliliters of blood.

3:00 PM: Power was restored in the county town.

5:00 PM: Regional remote sensing maps were made available.

7:00 PM: Communication networks were largely restored. 

Night. Despite sub-zero temperatures, rescue teams worked through the night.

Morning, January 8: The national highway was mostly cleared, enabling better access to the affected areas.

January 8: Hot meals were delivered to the impacted region.

Early January 8: A team of medical experts departed from Shanghai.

Afternoon, January 8: Authorities announced that disaster relief supplies were fully stocked, eliminating the need for further donations.

Currently, over 14,000 rescue workers are on the ground, and 46,000 people have been relocated and resettled in heated shelters.

This extraordinary rescue effort is a testament to the spirit and the tradition of mutual aid captured by the Chinese saying, "一方有难，八方支援" (Yī fāng yǒu nàn, bā fāng zhī yuán) when one place is in trouble, help pours in from all directions. The swift response to this disaster exemplifies this deeply ingrained value.

Natural disasters like earthquakes are inevitable, but their aftermath need not be catastrophic. The Shigatse earthquake rescue drive showcased how a swift, well-coordinated response can make an enormous difference in minimizing the damages, saving lives and alleviating suffering.

China's rapid mobilization of resources, personnel, and aid provides a powerful example of what can be achieved when a nation unites to confront disasters like earthquake or wildfire.

If countries worldwide could adopt similar efficiency and preparedness in disaster response, countless lives could be saved, and communities could recover more quickly from the devastation.

The Shigatse rescue efforts stand as a great true story and a reminder that, while we cannot prevent nature's forces, we can control how we respond—with speed, compassion, and unwavering determination.

1/9/2025

Yesterday, I discussed why Korean tourists are particularly drawn to Zhangjiajie. Today, I’ll share my thoughts on the factors behind Zhangjiajie’s immense popularity among Koreans.

Zhangjiajie wasn’t always well-known among international tourists. In 1998, the local government implemented strategic marketing initiatives to promote its attractions on a global scale.

Leveraging Film and Television  

One of the earliest strategies involved using film and television as promotional tools. Initially, Zhangjiajie gained recognition as a filming location for Journey to the West. Later, the release of Avatar in 2009 brought international attention to its landscapes. Zhangjiajie’s iconic "Southern Sky Column” was marketed as the inspiration for the movie’s floating mountains. At the time, the slogan, “潘多拉太远，张家界很近” (Pān duō lā tài yuǎn, Zhāng jiā jiè hěn jìn), meaning “Pandora is far away, but Zhangjiajie is close,” captured global imagination.

Extreme Sports Events  

Zhangjiajie also embraced extreme sports to attract attention. In 2007, the world-famous French climber Alain Robert, known as “Spider-Man,” scaled the iconic Tianmen Cave, further boosting the region’s appeal.

The South Korean Connection  

The pivotal moment for attracting South Korean tourists came in 2009, during the 20th anniversary of Zhangjiajie’s establishment as a city. As part of the celebrations, Zhangjiajie honored seven individuals as “Special Contributors to Zhangjiajie’s Development.” Among them was Cho HongKyu, a South Korean tourism promoter and the only foreign recipient.

Cho’s connection with Zhangjiajie began in 2001, when he attended the Zhangjiajie International Forest Conservation Festival. Deeply impressed by the region, he began promoting it to South Koreans. Initially a personal endeavor, his efforts soon aligned with the local government’s strategy to strengthen ties with South Korea.

Culture-Specific Marketing  

The government’s campaigns targeted South Korean seniors, emphasizing filial piety—a core cultural value. A popular slogan emerged: “If you haven’t been to Zhangjiajie in your lifetime, how can you call yourself an old man at a hundred years?” This reminds young people of taking their parents to Zhangjiajie, as it was framed as an act of respect and devotion.

Tailored Services for Korean Tourists  

Zhangjiajie introduced services specifically designed for family travel, making it easier for younger generations to take their elderly parents on trips. Recognizing the challenges of long journeys, the government negotiated direct flight routes between Zhangjiajie and multiple South Korean cities. These routes reduced travel time from 8 hours (with transfers) to just 3 hours.

To address potential language barriers, Korean-language signs were installed in major service areas and scenic spots, and a certification system for Korean-speaking tour guides was introduced. At its peak, Zhangjiajie had over 3,000 certified Korean-speaking tour guides.

The local government also prioritized convenience for international visitors by offering 24-hour visa-on-arrival services, ensuring that 90% of ATMs accept foreign cards, and enabling major stores to process foreign card payments via POS machines.

Exceeding Expectations  

Initially, South Koreans were drawn to Zhangjiajie for its breathtaking scenery. However, what keeps them returning is the exceptional level of service that often exceeds their expectations. From the seamless travel experience to thoughtful hospitality, Zhangjiajie continues to create pleasant surprises that leave a lasting impression.

A Global Standard for Tourism  

By combining awe-inspiring landscapes with meticulous attention to visitor needs, Zhangjiajie has transformed itself from a tourist destination into a world-class experience. It stands as a model for how destinations can captivate and charm global audiences while setting new benchmarks for tourism excellence. 

Ultimately, it’s a story worth sharing with the world.

1/8/2025

One of my Korean students once shared with me the excitement her parents had after visiting Zhangjiajie (张家界, Zhāng Jiā Jiè) in China. Their enthusiasm piqued my curiosity, and I made a note to learn more about this fascinating destination. That was last summer.

Key Facts About Zhangjiajie:

Location and Area: Situated in northwestern Hunan Province, China, Zhangjiajie spans approximately 9,563 square kilometers (3,692 square miles). It encompasses both urban areas and vast natural reserves.

Major Attractions:

1. Zhangjiajie National Forest Park:   - A UNESCO World Heritage Site and part of the larger Wulingyuan Scenic Area.  Renowned for its more than 3,000 sandstone pillars, some towering over 200 meters (656 feet). These formations are iconic symbols of the park’s ethereal beauty.

2. Tianmen Mountain: - Height: 1,518 meters (4,980 feet). Famous attractions include the 99-Bend Road, the Glass Skywalk, and the stunning Tianmen Cave.

3. Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon Glass Bridge:  - Length: 430 meters (1,410 feet).  - Height: Suspended 300 meters (984 feet) above the canyon floor, offering breathtaking views and an unforgettable experience.

4. Baofeng Lake: - A tranquil lake surrounded by dramatic cliffs and dense forests, ideal for peaceful boat rides amidst natural beauty.

5. Sky Ladder Via Ferrata (天梯攀岩道, Tiān Tī Pān Yán Dào):  - Located on Seven Star Mountain, part of the greater Zhangjiajie area. Features a 168-meter-long steel pathway suspended 1,524 meters (5,000 feet) above the ground, bridging two cliffs. Provides panoramic 360-degree views of Zhangjiajie’s sandstone pillars. This exhilarating and physically demanding climbing route requires safety harnesses and fitness, making it a dream for adventure seekers. 

The landscapes of Zhangjiajie are often likened to classical Chinese paintings, offering a romantic and otherworldly atmosphere that captivates travelers.

Last summer, the headline "South Korean Tourists Traveling to China Increased by 900%" went viral on Chinese social media. According to data released by South Korea at the time, over 140,000 South Korean tourists visited China in January 2024 alone. Even more remarkable is their preferred destination: Zhangjiajie.

Statistics from China Tourism News reveal that Zhangjiajie welcomed 687,400 international visitors in 2023. Among them, over 280,000 were South Korean tourists, making up an impressive 41% of the total. In other words, nearly 4 out of every 10 foreign visitors to Zhangjiajie were from South Korea.

Zhangjiajie is considered a “must-visit destination for taking your parents on a trip” in South Korea. It is even mentioned in the South Korean drama My Uncle. In one scene, young people discuss potential vacation spots for their parents, and they unanimously recommend “Zhangjiajie.”

Another example is a well-known saying in South Korea: "人生不到张家界，百岁岂能称老翁?" (Rén shēng bú dào Zhāng jiā jiè, bǎi suì qǐ néng chēng lǎo wēng), which means, “If you haven’t been to Zhangjiajie in your lifetime, how can you call yourself an old man at age 100?”

Why Korean Tourists Love Zhangjiajie:  

What makes Zhangjiajie so appealing to Korean travelers? The answer is multifaceted, but three key reasons stand out. First, the natural beauty of Zhangjiajie—with its breathtaking sandstone pillars, serene lakes, and lush greenery—resonates deeply with Koreans' love for hiking and outdoor adventures. Second, the region’s frequent appearances in popular Asian dramas and films have created a sense of familiarity and allure, amplified by a shared cultural appreciation for majestic landscapes. Finally, the local government has made significant efforts to accommodate Korean tourists, including providing Korean-speaking guides and hotel staff, offering direct flights and affordable travel packages, and ensuring the availability of Korean restaurants.

Zhangjiajie’s success highlights an important lesson: it’s not enough for a place to possess natural beauty alone. The local government and community must actively create an inviting environment, offering high-quality accommodations, cultural connections, and logistical ease.

To be continued tomorrow.

1/7/2025

On January 4, 2025, I experienced a curious incident. An old classmate from my teenage years in Tianjin attempted to leave comments on my blog but encountered technical difficulties. Without reaching out for clarification, she abruptly unfriended me, likely assuming I had blocked her. This reminds me of a young relative of mine who quit a family group, probably due to inability to digest different views. While surprising, I’ve come to accept her choice as a reflection of her own perspective rather than mine.

This event reminded me of a broader truth: people's actions reveal more about them than about us. The same principle applies to nations and their pursuits.

Toward the end of 2024, Reuters reported on China's project to build the world’s largest hydropower dam in Tibet. The scale and implications of this endeavor are monumental.

Key Figures and Highlights from the article

1. Electricity Generation Capacity:   Tibet holds over one-third of China’s hydroelectric potential.  The new dam is projected to generate 300 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) annually—more than three times the capacity of the Three Gorges Dam, the current largest, which produces 88.2 billion kWh.

2. Geographical Context:   Located on the lower reaches of the China's Yarlu Zangbu River 雅鲁藏布江, (Yǎlǔ Zàngbù Jiāng) on the Tibetan plateau. This section is near the Yarlu Zangbu Grand Canyon, one of the deepest and most dramatic river gorges in the world. The area is rugged, remote, and challenging for construction but offers unparalleled energy generation opportunities.

3. Engineering Challenges:   The river descends 2,000 meters (6,561 feet) over a short span of 50 kilometers (31 miles), presenting unparalleled hydropower potential alongside significant engineering complexities.

4. Strategic Importance:    Central to China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Expected to stimulate engineering, boost related industries, and create jobs in Tibet.

5. Global Impact:    The Yarlu Zangbu becomes the Brahmaputra River downstream in India and Bangladesh, raising concerns over water flow alterations and ecological impacts in those nations.

6. Broader Developments:   China has already initiated hydropower generation on the upper reaches of the river and plans further projects upstream.

Benefits of the Yarlu Zangbu Dam

This hydropower project promises transformative benefits for China and the region:

Unparalleled Energy Output:   The dam’s annual electricity production will significantly expand China’s renewable energy capacity, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and advancing clean energy initiatives.

Carbon Neutrality Goals  Providing a massive source of clean energy, the dam supports China’s commitments to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, helping mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions.

Regional Development   Economic growth in Tibet will be catalyzed, with job creation during and after construction. Improved infrastructure, such as roads and utilities, will enhance the quality of life and unlock new opportunities for residents.

Hydropower Stability  Unlike solar and wind energy, hydropower offers reliable, steady output critical for grid stability and meeting baseline energy demands.

Flood Control and Water Management  By regulating river flow, the dam could mitigate the risk of seasonal flooding downstream, potentially benefiting regions in India and Bangladesh prone to such challenges.

Innovation in Renewable Energy  As the largest hydropower project globally, it may inspire future advancements in renewable energy technology, shaping projects in China and beyond.

The tone of the article is factual and cautionary with critical undertones and emphasis on geopolitical angle, potential environmental impacts and displacement of communities. Large project like this faces significant challenges technically and ecologically, and those regarding potential displacement of communities.

Finally, the Yarlu Zangbu hydropower dam embodies China’s ambition to lead in renewable energy and infrastructure. Once completed, it will transform Tibet’s economic landscape and stand as a symbol of China’s engineering prowess. Its success will depend on balancing benefits with the challenges, ensuring its legacy as a global benchmark for sustainable development.